I-Methylamine(CAS#74-89-5)
Umngcipheko kunye noKhuseleko
| Iikhowudi zoMngcipheko | I-R12 – Iyatsha kakhulu I-R20 – Inobungozi ngokuphefumla I-R37/38 – Iyacaphukisa inkqubo yokuphefumla kunye nolusu. I-R41 – Umngcipheko womonakalo omkhulu emehlweni I-R34 – Ibangela ukutsha I-R20/22 – Iyingozi ngokuphefumla kwaye ukuba iginywe. I-R11 – Iyatsha kakhulu R39/23/24/25 - R36/37/38 – Ukucaphuka kwamehlo, inkqubo yokuphefumla kunye nolusu. I-R23/24/25 – Ityhefu ngokuphefumla, xa udibana nesikhumba naxa uginyiwe. R40 – Ubungqina obuncinane besiphumo somhlaza I-R19 – Isenokwenza iiperoxide ezidubulayo |
| Inkcazelo yoKhuseleko | S7 – Gcina isikhongozeli sivalwe ngokuqinileyo. S16 – Gcina kude kwimithombo yomlilo. S26 – Xa udibana namehlo, hlambulula ngokukhawuleza ngamanzi amaninzi kwaye ufune iingcebiso zonyango. S36/37 – Nxiba iimpahla ezifanelekileyo zokukhusela kunye neeglavu. S45 - Kwimeko yengozi okanye ukuba uziva ungaphilanga, funa iingcebiso zonyango ngokukhawuleza (bonisa ileyibhile nanini na kunokwenzeka.) S29 – Musa ukuthulula kwimisele yamanzi. S36/37/39 – Nxiba iimpahla ezikhuselayo ezifanelekileyo, iiglavu kunye nokhuseleko lwamehlo/ubuso. S3/7 - S3 – Gcina kwindawo epholileyo. S39 –Nxiba ukhuseleko lwamehlo / ubuso. S33 -Thatha amanyathelo okhuseleko ngokuchasene nokukhutshwa okungatshintshiyo. |
| Izazisi ze-UN | UN 3286 3/PG 2 |
| WGK eJamani | 2 |
| RTECS | PF6300000 |
| FLUKA BRAND F IIKHOWUDI | 4.5-31 |
| I-TSCA | Ewe |
| Ikhowudi ye-HS | 29211100 |
| IKlasi yeeNgozi | 3 |
| Iqela lokuPakisha | II |
| Ubutyhefu | I-LD50 ngomlomo kwiigundane: 100-200 mg / kg (Kinney); I-LC50 kwiimpuku: 0.448 ml/l (Sarkar, Sastry) |
Ulwazi
| izinto eziphilayo zekhemikhali ekrwada | I-methylamine, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-methylamine kunye ne-aminomethane, yinto ebalulekileyo ye-organic khemikhali ekrwada kunye ne-intermediates, kwindawo yokushisa kunye noxinzelelo lwe-atmospheric yegesi enokutsha engenambala, i-concentration ephezulu okanye i-compression liquefaction, enevumba elinamandla le-ammonia. Ivumba lentlanzi kwiindawo eziphantsi kakhulu. Inyibilika emanzini, inyibilika kwi-ethanol, ether. Kulula ukutshisa, yenza umxube oqhumayo nomoya, umda wokudubula: 4.3% ~ 21%. Kukho i-alkaline ebuthathaka, i-alkaline kune-ammonia, kunye ne-asidi ye-inorganic ukuvelisa iityuwa ezinyibilikayo emanzini. Yenziwe kwi-methanol kunye ne-ammonia phantsi kwesenzo sobushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye ne-catalyst, kwaye inokulungiswa ngokufudumeza i-formaldehyde kunye ne-ammonium chloride ukuya kwi-300 ℃ phantsi kwesenzo se-zinc chloride. I-Methylamine ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza amayeza okubulala izitshabalalisi, amayeza, irabha vulcanization accelerators, idayi, iziqhushumbisi, isikhumba, i-petroleum, i-surfactants, i-ion exchange resins, ii-strippers zepeyinti, iingubo kunye nezongezo. Yinto ebalulekileyo ekrwada kwimveliso ye-pesticide Dimethoate, carbaryl kunye ne-chlordimeform. I-Methylamine inhalation toxicity yiklasi ye-toxicity ephantsi, i-concentration ephezulu evumelekileyo emoyeni 5mg / m3 (0.4ppm). I-Corrosion, iyacaphukisa amehlo, ulusu kunye ne-mucous membranes. Kwimeko yomlilo ovulekileyo, kukho umngcipheko wokutsha okubangelwa ukushisa okuphezulu, kwaye umonakalo kwiisilinda kunye nezixhobo ziya kubangela ukuqhuma. |
| Uncedo lokuqala lwetyhefu | I-methylamine ludidi oluphakathi oluyityhefu olunomsindo olomeleleyo kunye nokudleka. Kwinkqubo yokuvelisa kunye nangexesha lokuthutha, ngenxa yokuvuza ngengozi, kuya kubangela ukudibanisa nobuthi obunzima. Le mveliso inokuthi ifakwe kwindlela yokuphefumula, isisombululo sinokungena ngesikhumba, kwaye ityuwa inokutyhelwa ngokungena ngengozi. Le mveliso inefuthe elinamandla elikhuthazayo emehlweni, ukuphefumula okuphezulu, isikhumba kunye ne-mucosa. Ukuphefumla okugxininise kakhulu kunokonakalisa imiphunga. Iimeko ezinzima zinokubangela i-edema ye-pulmonary, i-respiratory distress syndrome kunye nokufa. Nangona kunjalo, akukho matyala e-systemic poisoning axelwe ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe. I-Liquid methylamine ikhompawundi inokucaphuka okunamandla kunye nokugqwala, kunokubangela ukutshisa kwamehlo kunye nolusu lwekhemikhali. I-40% isisombululo se-methylamine samanzi singabangela intlungu yokuvutha kwamehlo, i-photophobia, iinyembezi, i-Conjunctival Congestion, i-eyelid edema, i-corneal edema kunye nesilonda esiphezulu, iimpawu zinokuhlala kwi-1 ukuya kwiiveki ezi-2. Ukuvezwa kwexesha elide kugxininiso oluphantsi lweekhompawundi ze-methylamine, kunokuva amehlo omile, impumlo, umqala kunye nokungakhululeki. [amanyathelo oncedo lokuqala] xa ulusu ludibana, khulula iimpahla ezingcolileyo ngokukhawuleza kwaye uhlambulule ngokucokisekileyo ngamanzi amaninzi ahambayo, i-0.5% ye-citric acid ihlambulula ulusu, i-mucous membranes kunye ne-gargles. xa amehlo engcolileyo, iinkophe kufuneka ziphakanyiswe, zihlanjululwe ngamanzi asebenzayo okanye i-saline ubuncinane imizuzu eyi-15, kwaye emva koko ihlolwe nge-fluorescein staining. Ukuba kukho ukwenzakala kwe-cornea, i-ophthalmologist kufuneka idibane. kwabo bafake i-monomethylamine gas, kufuneka bahambe ngokukhawuleza bahambe kwindawo enomoya omtsha ukuze bagcine indlela yokuphefumula ingabonakali. I-Dyspnea yezigulane kufuneka inikwe i-oxygen inhalation, emva kokuba unyango, isigulane sithunyelwe esibhedlele ukuze unyango oluphuthumayo. |
| injongo | isetyenziswa njengesiseko semathiriyeli ekrwada kwi-pesticide, amayeza, amalaphu kunye namanye amashishini, ikwasetyenziswa kwijeli yamanzi eqhumayo. isetyenziswe njenge-solvent kunye nefriji isetyenziswa njengesiseko semathiriyeli ekrwada yeekhemikhali, ekwasetyenziswa kwi-pesticide, amayeza, amalaphu kunye namanye amashishini. isetyenziswa njenge-surfactant, i-polymerization inhibitors kunye nezinyibilikisi, ikwasetyenziswa kwi-organic synthesis kunye neshishini lokuprinta kunye nokudaya. ukwenzela ukuhlanganiswa kwezibulali zinambuzane ezisebenzayo, amayeza, idayi, iziqholo, njl., kunye ne-electrolysis, i-electroplating monomethylamine yinto ebalulekileyo ye-aliphatic amine organic chemical raw material, esetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimveliso ye-pesticides, kwaye ingasetyenziselwa ukudibanisa i-N- i-methyl chloroacetamide, ephakathi kwe-organophosphorus insecticide dimethoate kunye ne-omethoate; i-monocrotophos ephakathi i-α-chloroacetylmethanamine; I-Carbamoyl chloride kunye ne-methyl isocyanate njenge-intermediates ye-carbamate insecticide; Kunye nezinye iintlobo zezitshabalalisi ezifana ne-monoformamidine, i-Amitraz, i-benzenesulfonon, njalo njalo. Ukongeza, iyasetyenziswa kumayeza, irabha, idayi, ishishini lesikhumba kunye nemathiriyeli yefotosensitive. I-methylamine inoluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo zoshishino. I-Methylamine ingasetyenziswa njengeyeza (ukusebenza, i-caffeine, i-ephedrine, njl.), i-pesticide (i-carbaryl, i-dimethoate, i-chloramidine, njl.), idayi (i-alizarin ephakathi, i-anthraquinone ephakathi, njl.), isiqhushumbisi kunye namafutha (ijeli yamanzi eqhumayo, i-monomethhydrazine , njl.njl.), ii-surfactants, ii-accelerators, kunye nemathiriyeli ekrwada efana ne-rubber aids, iifoto iikhemikhali kunye nezinyibilikisi. Umntu ophakathi kwimveliso ye-agrochemicals kunye namayeza okuvelisa i-N-methylpyrrolidone (i-solvent). |
| indlela yokuvelisa | kwimizi-mveliso, i-methylamine idityaniswe kwi-methanol kunye ne-ammonia kubushushu obuphezulu ngokusebenzisa isiguquli esisoloko sixhotyiswe nge-alumina catalyst esebenzayo, nangona kunjalo, ukusabela kwe-methylation akuyeki kwinqanaba le-monomethylamine, ngaloo ndlela kubangele umxube we-monomethylamine, i-dimethylamine kunye ne-trimethylamine. Lawula umlinganiselo we-methanol kunye ne-ammonia, ukugqithisa kwe-ammonia, kwaye ungeze amanzi kunye nokujikeleza kwe-trimethylamine kukulungele ukubunjwa kwe-methylamine kunye ne-dimethylamine, xa inani le-ammonia liyi-2.5 ngamaxesha e-methanol, ubushushu bokuphendula yi-425 deg C, xa impendulo uxinzelelo yi-2.45MPa, i-amine edibeneyo ye-10-12% ye-monomethylamine, i-8-9% ye-dimethylamine kunye ne-11-13% ye-trimethylamine inokufumaneka. Ekubeni i-trimethylamine yenza i-azeotrope kunye ne-ammonia kunye nezinye i-methylamines kuxinzelelo lwe-atmospheric, iimveliso zokusabela zihlukaniswe ngokudityaniswa koxinzelelo lwe-distillation kunye ne-extractive distillation. Ngokusekwe kwimveliso ye-1t exutyiweyo ye-methylamine, i-1500kg ye-methanol kunye ne-500kg ye-ammonia engamanzi iyatyiwa. Ngokweengxelo ezifanelekileyo zoncwadi, ukutshintsha umlinganiselo we-methanol kunye ne-ammonia yindlela esebenzayo yokufumana imveliso efunwayo, i-methanol kunye ne-ammonia ratio ye-1: 1.5 yimeko engcono kakhulu yokwakhiwa kwe-trimethylamine, i-methanol kunye ne-ammonia ratio ye-1: 4 iimeko ezifanelekileyo zokuqulunqwa kwe-methylamine. Zininzi iindlela zokuvelisa ze-monomethylamine, Kodwa i-methanol amination isetyenziswa kakhulu kwishishini. CH3OH + NH3 → CH3NH2 + H2O2CH3OH + NH3 →(CH3)2NH + 2H2O3CH3OH + NH3 →(CH3)3N + 3H2O ukusuka kwi-methanol kunye ne-ammonia kumlinganiselo we-1: 1.5 ~ 4, phantsi kobushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu lwegesi, inqanaba eliphezulu kunye noxinzelelo lwegesi I-catalytic amination reaction yenziwa ngokusebenzisa isebenze i-alumina njenge-catalyst, Imveliso ekrwada exubeneyo ye-mono-, i-di-kunye ne-trimethylamine yenziwa, kwaye emva koko yahlulwe ngoxinzelelo oluqhubekayo lwe-distillation ngoluhlu lweekholamu ze-distillation, i-condensed kunye ne-deammoniated kunye ne-dehydrated ukufumana i-mono-, i-di-kunye neemveliso ze-trimethylamine ngokulandelelana. . |
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